Naturalization & US Citizenship: Complete Guide

Naturalization is the legal process by which a permanent resident of the United States (Green Card holder) becomes a US citizen. This process is carried out through Form N-400 with USCIS and grants fundamental rights such as the right to vote, run for public office, and sponsor family members for residency.

• Permanent residency: At least 5 years with a Green Card (3 years if married to a US citizen)
• Minimum age: 18 years old when filing Form N-400
• Physical presence: At least 30 months of the last 5 years in the US
• Continuous residence: 3 months in the state where you apply
• Good moral character: No serious criminal record during the evaluation period
• English language: Reading, writing, and comprehension exam
• Civics education: US history and government exam (6/10 correct)

1. 1
   Verify eligibilityConfirm time, physical presence, and moral character requirements.
2. 2
   Prepare Form N-400Complete the application with supporting documentation.
3. 3
   Pay the feePay the application fee with USCIS.
4. 4
   Biometrics appointmentFingerprints and photo at a USCIS office.
5. 5
   InterviewEnglish and civics exams with a USCIS officer.
6. 6
   DecisionApproval, denial, or request for additional evidence.
7. 7
   Oath ceremonyReceive the naturalization certificate.

• 50/20 Rule: Civics exam in native language for applicants 50+ years old with 20+ years of residency
• 55/15 Rule: Same benefit for 55+ years old with 15+ years of residency
• Medical exemption (N-648): For persons with physical or mental disabilities
• Military service: Reduced requirements for members of the armed forces

• ✓Right to vote in federal, state, and local elections
• ✓Protection against deportation
• ✓Sponsor family members for permanent residency
• ✓US passport
• ✓Eligibility for federal employment
• ✓Transmit citizenship to children born abroad